Dianthus L., Sp. Pl. 1: 409. 1753; Gen. Pl. 565. 1754; Boiss., Fl. Or. 1: 476. 1867; Edgew. & Hook. f. in Hook. f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 1: 213. 1875; Dequan & Turland, Fl. China @ eFloras. org 6: 102; Ghazanfer & Nasir, Fl. Pak. @ eFloras. org p. 111.

Annual or perennial herbs. Stems mostly caespitose, terete or angular, articulated, dilated at nodes. Leaves opposite, usually glaucescent, linear or lanceolate with parallel veins, base slightly connate, margin scabrid. Flowers solitary, several in a loose cyme or numerous and clustered into capitula, subtended by 1-4 pairs of appressed bracts; individual flowers subtended by 2 bracteoles adpressed to calyx, actinomorphic, bisexual, pentamerous, hypogynous. Calyx tubulars or cylindrical, calyx teeth 5, acute or acuminate, nerves many (7,9 or 11), commissural nerves absent. Petals 5, purple, red, pink or white; with a long claw, limb lanceolate, dentate, lacerate or barbulate, rarely entire, never bilobed. Coronal scales absent. Stamens 10. Ovary 1-locular, ovules many on free central placenta, styles 2. Gynophore long. Capsule cylindric, suboblong or rarely ovoid, many-seeded, dehiscing by 4 teeth or valves. Seeds dorsi-ventrally compressed, orbicular or discoid, flat or concave.

356 species

Dianthus barbatusL., Sp. Pl. 409. 1753; Ghazenfar & Nasir, Fl. Pak. @ eFloras. org p.119; D. barbatus var. asiaticus Nakai, Tyosen- Syokubutsu. 143. 1914; Fl. China @eFloras. org 6: 103.

Annual, biennial or short-lived perennial herb, up to 70 cm tall. Stems caespitose, erect, distally branched, angular, articulated, dilated at nodes, glabrous. Leaves opposite green to blue-green, glaucous, lanceolate, up to 12.5 x 2.3 cm, veins parallel with midvein prominent, base attenuate into a sheath, sheath connate, apex acute. Flowers actinomorphic, bisexual, pentamerous, hypogynous, numerous (up to 30+), cymosely clustered into capitula; pedicels very short or obscure; bracts (or bracteoles) 4-6, ovate with a membranous ciliate margin, 5-6 mm x ca. 3 mm; apex long acuminate, 12-14 mm x ca. 1 mm, almost as long as calyx tube. Flowers ca. 2-2.4 cm long and 2-2.5 cm across. Calyx tubular, 17-23 mm long, with parallel veins and commissural veins, teeth 5, 5-7 mm long, linear-lanceolate or lanceolate, apex acute to acuminate. Petals 5, free, pink to red or purplish, ca. 2.5 cm long; claw ca. 1.6 cm long and limb obovate, ca. 0.9 cm x 0.9 cm, dentate at apex, throat sparsely bearded. Stamens 10, slightly exserted. Ovary suboblong, 1-locular, many ovuled, free-central placentation; styles 2, free, linear, longer than ovary, curved and ciliated; distinct gynophore present. Capsule ovoid- suboblong, ca. 1.8 cm long, 4- valved for ca. half its length. Seeds brown, compressed, smooth.

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